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Physics and 21st Century Science Standards: The Role of Physics in the NGSS

Explicitly Included in the

NGSS

Language omitted in the

NGSS

Mechanics (Motion, Force,

Energy, Momentum)

Motion

(1-dimensional)

x-t and v-t graphs

Newton’s Second

Law of Motion

Force, net force

Balanced,

unbalanced systems

Mass

Acceleration

Energy

(kinetic/

motion, chemical,

sound, light, thermal,

position, electrical,

spring, radiation,

renewable energy,

etc.)

Closed systems

Conservation of

mass/matter

Conservation of

energy

Energy transfer/

transformations

/

efficiency

Conservation of

momentum

Newton’s Law of

Gravitation

Gravitational Field

Orbital motion (2

bodies), Kepler’s Laws

Vectors / scalars

Displacement,

distance

2-dimensional

motion

Projectile motion

Newton’s First Law /

Inertia

Periodic Motion

Torque

Work, power

Hooke’s Law

Potential energy

absorption

, reflection,

resonance, interference

(relative phase, peaks,

troughs), diffraction,

and photoelectric effect/

materials.

Wave and

particle model of

electromagnetic

radiation.

Light spectra,

radio,

microwaves, light,

heat, ultraviolet,

X-rays, gamma rays,

cosmic microwave

background radiation

Brightness

Standing waves

(on strings or air

columns)

Hearing (pitch,

loudness, timbre)

Beats

Doppler Effect

Heat and Thermodynamics

Temperature

Second Law of

Thermodynamics

Zeroth, First, and

Third Laws of

Thermodynamics

Kinetic Theory

Gas Laws

Electricity and Magnetism

Charges

Coulomb’s Law

Electrical Field

Electrical Current

Electrically

conductive materials

Batteries

Magnets

Magnetic Field

Polarity

Circuits (simple,

series, parallel)

Circuit concepts

(resistance, voltage,

AC/DC, Ohm’s Law)

Circuit components

(resistor, capacitor,

inductor).

Modern Physics (Nuclear,

Quantum, Relativity,

Astrophysics)

Fission, fusion,

radioactive decay,

nucleosynthesis,

alpha, beta, and

gamma radioactive

decay

Atoms, protons,

neutrons, electrons

Waves, Sound, and Optics

Frequency

Wavelength

Speed

Media

Electromagnetic

radiation, sound, and

seismic waves

Wave behavior and

interaction,

Optics (mirrors,

lenses, vision, color)

Snell’s Law, refraction,

Polarization

Inverse-Square Law

(for light)

Standing waves

Table 5: Physics language used in High School NGSS